Influence of pressing pressure and adhesive spread on the strength properties of glued laminated scots pine timber
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36930/42265204Keywords:
three-layer glued timber; Scots pine; residual wood; pressing pressure; adhesive spread rate; static bending strength; mechanical properties; regression model; response surface methodology; circular economyAbstract
The study investigates the influence of technological gluing parameters on the mechanical performance of three-layer glued laminated timber manufactured from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) residual wood generated during primary wood processing. The relevance of the research is determined by the growing demand for resource-efficient wood utilization within the framework of the circular economy while ensuring the required mechanical performance of engineered wood products. The objective of the study was to determine the relationships between pressing pressure and adhesive spread rate and the static bending strength of three-layer glued timber members, as well as to establish rational manufacturing parameters ensuring high mechanical performance with reduced material and energy consumption. The object of the study was three-layer glued timber with a square cross-section of 36 × 36 mm, manufactured from three pine lamellas of 36 × 12 mm intended for the production of structural components of window and door frames. Radially sawn lamellas were used as the outer layers, whereas the middle layer consisted of tangentially sawn wood. Residual Scots pine wood from industrial production was used as the raw material. Experimental investigations were carried out using a second-order full factorial design with two independent variables: pressing pressure (40–60 bar) and adhesive spread rate (140–180 g/m²). Experimental data were processed using regression analysis, analysis of variance and response surface methodology. The statistical significance of regression coefficients and the adequacy of the mathematical model were verified using standard statistical procedures. The obtained results demonstrated that both investigated technological parameters significantly affect the static bending strength of the glued timber; however, the adhesive spread rate exhibited a considerably stronger influence than the pressing pressure. An adequate second-order regression model describing the nonlinear interaction between both variables was developed. The experimental values of static bending strength ranged from 73.42 MPa to 86.48 MPa, exceeding the minimum requirement specified by EN 13353:2019 (50 MPa) by 46.8–73.0%. Response surface analysis revealed the existence of a rational technological region where high mechanical performance can be achieved without unnecessary increases in adhesive consumption and pressing energy. The scientific novelty of the research lies in establishing quantitative relationships between pressing pressure, adhesive spread rate and the bending strength of three-layer glued timber manufactured from residual Scots pine wood, together with the development of a predictive mathematical model for estimating mechanical properties within the investigated technological range. The practical significance of the study consists in providing a scientifically substantiated basis for selecting rational gluing parameters that ensure the required mechanical performance while reducing adhesive consumption, production costs and energy demand. The proposed approach contributes to improving the efficiency of residual wood utilization and supports the implementation of circular economy principles in the manufacture of engineered wood products
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