ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНОГО ПРОЦЕСУ  ГНУТТЯ ДЕРЕВИНИ ЯСЕНА

Степан Грицак

doi:10.36930/42245005

Authors

S.S. Grytsak Ukrainian National Forestry University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36930/42245005

Keywords:

wood, post-consumer wood, furniture blanks, bending, plasticization, pressing, ash wood, regression equation, model, deformability, technology

Abstract

Factors affecting the bending process were analyzed: bar quality; type of wood; plasticization method; dimensions of the workpiece; type of bending; bending speed; wood temperature; wood moisture. It is substantiated that the method of bending by the method of plastification in ammonia vapors is quite promising, but poorly studied, because the process of plastification with ammonia has a chemical nature, and this requires the study of the value of the parameters of plastification for a specific type of wood in order to avoid unnecessary consumption of materials (wood, ammonia) and electricity. A methodology for the study of bending processes has been developed, based on conducting experiments for three variable factors in relation to their influence on product quality: material thickness 6, 13, 20 mm (h), bending radius 30, 60, 90 mm (R) and duration of plasticization of blanks 12 , 36, 60 mm (T). Based on the results of the experimental data processing, a regression equation was obtained that describes the dependence of the number of quality blanks Y on the material thickness h(x₁), the bending radius R(x₂) and the duration of plasticization T(x₃). An adequate mathematical model describing the percentage of high-quality ash wood blanks from the three studied factors was obtained. The analysis shows that when the thickness of the blanks is 6 mm, the bending radius R(x₂) and the duration of plasticization of the blanks T(x₃) do not significantly affect the number of high-quality blanks, and this indicator approaches 100%. Whereas for the thickness of the blanks of 20 mm, with a bending radius of R=30 mm, we have the number of quality blanks at the level of 2.32%, and with the bending radius of R=90 mm, we have the number of quality blanks at the level of 45.47%. The dynamics of the increase in the number of high-quality blanks with an increase in the duration of plasticization for the considered conditions is 9.41% and 10.39%, respectively. The optimal conditions (h = 6 mm, R = 30 mm, T = 12 h) were determined, under which the highest percentage of quality parts Yяmax = 99.441% is observed. The feasibility of using the appropriate concentration of ammonia for plasticization during the production of bent blanks has been confirmed, but to obtain a high number of high-quality blanks, it is necessary to follow the proposed practical recommendations. Practical recommendations have been developed, based on the method of obtaining bent blanks by plasticizing in a 35% ammonia solution, which ensures the maximum yield of high-quality blanks with a thickness of 6 mm and a bending radius of 30 mm.

References

Arnold, M. (2010): Effect of moisture on the bending properties of thermally modified beech and spruce. J Mater Sci 45, 669-680. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-009-3984-8

Bektaş, I., Güler, C., Baştürk, M.A., (2002): Principal mechanical properties of eastern beech wood (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) naturally grown in Andirin northeastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 26: 147-154.

Gayda S.V. (2000): Матеріали для виготовлення виробів з деревини / Materials for the Productsion of wood Productss. Lviv: BMC. – 160 p. (in Ukr.).

Gayda S.V. (2015). Modeling properties of blockboards made of post-consumer wood on the basis of the finite element method. Forestry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking Industry, 41, 39-49. https://doi.org/10.36930/42154106

Gayda S.V. (2007). Research of concentration of operations is in modern furniture productsion // For-estry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking Industry.  Lviv.  33:73-79. (in Ukrainian.).

Gayda S.V. (2012). Production techniques and properties of fuel pellets produced from post-consumer wood // Forestry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking Industry.  Lviv: UNFU.  38: 112-150.

Gayda S.V. (2013). The technological solutions for recycling of post-consumer wood. Proceedings of I International Interdisciplinary Scientific Conference Formation of stable outlook as the basis of sustainable development (Ukraine, Lviv, 14-16 March 2013) UNFU: Lviv, 5-11.

Gayda S.V. (2013). Розроблення технології виробництва паливних гранул на основі енергетичного потенціалу вживаної деревини [Development of technology for the production of fuel pellets based on the energy potential of used wood]. Scientific Bulletin of UNFU 23.14:83-93. (in Ukrainian).

Gayda, S.V. (2015). Investigation of physical and mechanical properties of post-consumer wood (PCW). Actual problems of forest complex 43:175-179 (in Russian).

Gayda S.V. (2017). A technology and properties of furniture board (FB) made of post-consumer wood (PCW). Actual problems of forest complex, 48, 34-38 (in Russian).

Gayda S.V. (2017): Комплексні дослідження зміни пружних властивостей вживаної деревини ялиці з віком / Kompleksni doslidzhennya zminy pruzhnykh vlastyvostey vzhyvanoyi derevyny yalytsi z vikom [The complex studies on the change of elastic properties of post-consumer fir wood with age]. Forestry, Forest, Pa-per and Woodworking Industry 43:58-72 (in Ukrainian). doi: https://doi.org/10.36930/42174308

Gayda S.V. (2017). Using fuzzy expert systems for decision support in the process of post-consumer wood sorting. Forestry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking Industry, 43, 5-20. https://doi.org/10.36930/42174301 (in Ukrainian).

Gayda S.V. (2018). Strength of combined blockboard made of post-consumer wood (PCW). Bulletin of KhNTUA 197:3-9, (in Ukrainian).

Gayda S.V. (2018). Технологія МДФ-фасадів / Tekhnolohiyi MDF-Fasadiv [MDF Facade Technologies]. Forestry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking Industry 44:70-83 (in Ukrainian). doi: https://doi.org/10.36930/42184410

Gayda S.V. (2019). Scientific and technical basis of the use of used wood in woodworking: thesis of the Doctor of Technical Sciences in the specialty 05.23. – Lviv: UNFU. – 465 (in Ukrainian).

Gayda S.V. (2020). Analysis of structures and technologies of manufacture of modern furniture fa-cades. Forestry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking Industry, 46, 54-64. https://doi.org/10.36930/42204606 (in Ukrainian).

Gayda S.V. (2023). Determination of the circularity indicator in the forest sector according to the prin-ciples of the circular economy. Forestry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking Industry, 49, 99-114. https://doi.org/10.36930/42234908 (in Ukrainian).

Gayda S.V. (2023). State and analysis of the dynamics indicators of the production volume of the woodworking and furniture industry. Forestry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking Industry 49: 4-19 (in Ukraini-an). doi: https://doi.org/10.36930/42234901

Gayda S.V. (2018). A investigation and analysis of characteristics of solid furniture boards made of post-consumer wood. Forestry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking Industry 44:15-25 (in Ukrainian). doi: https://doi.org/10.36930/42184402 .

Gayda S.V. (2024). Analysis of the trend of the main indicators of the wood processing industry in the context of the circular economy. Forestry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking Industry 50: 4-15 (in Ukrainian). doi: https://doi.org/10.36930/42245001

Gayda S.V. (2013). Resource-saving technologies of recycling of post-consumer wood]. Scientific Bulle-tin of NULES of Ukraine: Technology and Energy of agroindustrial complex 185(2):271-280, (in Ukrainian).

Gayda S.V., Ilkiv M.M. (2021) : Дослідження технологічних процесів виготовлення меблевих фа-садів з масивної деревини // Doslidzhennya tekhnolohichnykh protsesiv vyhotovlennya meblevykh fasadiv z masyvnoyi derevyny. [Research of technological processes of manufacture of meble facades from solid wood]. Forestry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking Industry 47:22-33, (in Ukrainian). doi: https://doi.org/10.36930/42214703

Gayda S.V., Kiyko O.A. (2013). Технология очистки вторично используемой древесины иглофре-зерными станками [The technology of cleaning recycled wood with needle milling machines] // Actual prob-lems and prospects of the development of LPK: materials II NTK., Sept. 9-11, 2013 – Kostroma. – P. 36-39.

Gayda S.V., Kiyko O.A. (2018). Shape stability as a quality criterion for PCW-made blockboards. Pro-ceedings of the Forestry Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 17, 185-192. https://doi.org/10.15421/411834 (in Ukrainian)

Gayda S.V., Kiyko O.A. (2020). Determining the regime parameters for the surface cleaning of post-consumer wood by a needle milling tool. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 5 (1(107)), 89-97. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.212484.

Gayda S.V., Kiyko O.A. (2020). The investigation of properties of blockboards made of post-consumer wood. Poznan : Drewno, 63(206), 77-102. https://doi.org/10.12841/wood.1644-3985.352.10.

Gayda S.V., Kiyko O.A. (2021). Властивості вживаної деревини як визначальний чинник якості меблевих виробів / Vlastyvosti vzhyvanoyi derevyny yak vyznachalʹnyy chynnyk yakosti meblevykh vyrobiv [Properties of used wood as a determining factor in the quality of furniture products]. Scientific Works of the Forestry Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 23:152-162, (in Ukrainian). https://doi.org/10.15421/412135

Gayda S.V., Kiyko O.A. (2023). Study of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Post-Consumer Wood of Different Age. Drewno. Prace naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty, 66(212), 00010. https://doi.org/10.53502/wood-177453.

Gayda S.V., Kiyko O.A., Guz, M.M. (2022). Research of the structure of stump and rootwood for ef-fective use in the production of wood products. Folia Forestalia Polonica, Series A – Forestry, 2022, Vol. 64 (3), 131–142, doi: https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2022-0011

Gayda S.V. (2016): A investigation of form of stability of variously designed blockboards made of post-consumer wood. ProLigno 12(1):22-31.

Gayda S.V., Lesiv L.E. (2023). Mathematical model of forecasting volumes of post-consumer wood production. Forestry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking Industry, 49, 33-47. https://doi.org/10.36930/42234903] (in Ukrainian).

Гайда С.В. Максимів В.М., Кійко О.А., Ференц О.Б. Залишки деревини та деревина після спо-живання. Класифікація. Терміни та визначення / Договір № 08.24-11-1 : проект міжнародного стандарту ISO. – Львів: НЛТУ України. – 2013. – 53 с.

Gayda S.V., Bilyy Ya.M. (2016). The investigation of the shape stability of glued panels made of post-consumer wood. Forestry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking Industry, 42, 69-79. https://doi.org/10.36930/42164211 (in Ukrainian).

Gayda S.V., Petryshak I.V. (2020). Study of the influence of breed and grinding modes on the specific productivity of grinding skin. Forestry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking Industry, 46, 5-15. https://doi.org/10.36930/42204601 (in Ukrainian).

Gayda S.V., Salapak L.V., Lesiv L.E. (2021). Determination of an efficient technological process of manufacturing various support elements for functional surfaces. Forestry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking In-dustry 47: 58-72, (in Ukrainian). doi: https://doi.org/10.36930/42214708

Gayda S.V., Voronovich V.V. (2011). Investigation of the features of bending of post-consumer wood // Proceedings of the Conference, Mari State University. – 190-192 (in Russian).

Gayda S.V., Voytovych I.G., Orikhovskyy R.Ya. (2020). Дослідження технологічних процесів виго-товлення ніжок столів обідніх різних конструкцій / Doslidzhennya tekhnolohichnykh protsesiv vyhotovlennya nizhok stoliv obidnikh riznykh konstruktsiy [Research of technological processes of production of legs of tables of various designs]. Forestry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking Industry 46:36-49, (in Ukrainian). doi: https://doi.org/10.36930/42204604

Grytsak S.A., Gayda S.V. (2020). Comparative analysis of physical and mechanical characteristics of bent elements from different tree species. Forestry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking Industry 46:16-27 (in Ukrainian). doi: https://doi.org/10.36930/42204602

Grytsak S.A., Gayda S.V., Kushpit A.S., Salapak L.V. (2023). Analysis of the efficiency of structural and technological solutions in the production of component units of lattice furniture products. Forestry, For-est, Paper and Woodworking Industry 49: 61-72, (in Ukrainian). doi: https://doi.org/10.36930/42234905

Grytsak S.A., Grytsak S.S. (2023). Determination of the influence of pressing parameters on the bend-ing process of beech furniture blankets. Forestry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking Industry 49:48-60, (in Ukrainian). doi: https://doi.org/10.36930/42234904

Lesiv, L.E. (2020). Study of the characteristics of combined of blockboards made of post-consumer wood. Forestry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking Industry, 48, 69-86. https://doi.org/10.36930/42224806 (in Ukrainian).

Lesiv, L.E., Gayda, S.V., Salapak, L.V. (2024). Development of a mathematical model of the strength of joined preparations from post-consumer fir wood, [Лесів, Л.Е., Гайда, С.В., Салапак, Л.В. Розроблення математичної моделі міцності зрощених заготовок із вживаної деревини ялиці]. Forestry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking Industry 50: 16-28 (in Ukrainian). doi: https://doi.org/10.36930/42245002

Medvid, L.V. (2018). Systematization of wood waste – the basis of their effective use. Forestry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking Industry, 44, 91-104. https://doi.org/10.36930/42184412 (in Ukrainian).

Medvid, L.V. (2021). Post-consumer wood – an additional reserve of raw materials for construction ma-terials. Forestry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking Industry, 47, 34-46. https://doi.org/10.36930/42214706 (in Ukrainian).

Orikhovskyy R.Ya., Gayda S.V. (2020). The influence of different parameters of stability of production sites on the efficiency of functioning of woodworking production. Forestry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking Industry 46:49-53 (in Ukrainian). doi: https://doi.org/10.36930/42204605

Orikhovskyy R.Ya., Gayda S.V. (2024). Determination of running time losses in automated processing systems of woodworking, [Оріховський Р.Я., Гайда С.В. Оцінювання ефективності використання робочо-го часу в автоматизованих виробничих системах деревообробного виробництва]. Forestry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking Industry 50: 41-51 (in Ukrainian). doi: https://doi.org/10.36930/42245004

Podibka, T.I., Kiyko O.A. (2019). A study of the influence of the transverse dimensions of beech of strips on the form of stability of furniture board. Forestry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking Industry, 45, 155-171. https://doi.org/10.36930/42194521 (in Ukrainian).

Project «CircHive. (2022). Developing piloting biodiversity footprinting natural capital accounting via a 'beehive' of sectoral hubs, for sustainable transition to a circular EU bioeconomy». Project Schedule: Start Date 01.12.2022 End Date 30.11.2027.

Vintoniv I.S., Sopushynskyy I.M., Teishinger A. (2007). Derevynoznavstvo [Wood-science]. – Lviv: Apriori. – 312 p., (in Ukrainian).

Voytovych I.G. (2010). Osnovi tekhnologії virobіv z derevini [The basic technology of wood]. – Text-book. –Lviv: Kraine andeljat. – 304 p. (in Ukrainian).